1. What is the purpose of the scanning process in ethical hacking?

The purpose of scanning is to identify open ports, services, and vulnerabilities on a target system or network.

2. Name three common scanning techniques used in network reconnaissance.

Three common scanning techniques are port scanning, network scanning, and vulnerability scanning.

3. Explain the concept of port scanning and its significance in vulnerability assessment.

Port scanning involves scanning a target system to determine which ports are open and what services are running on those ports. It helps in identifying potential entry points for attackers and vulnerabilities associated with open services.

4. List three popular tools used for network scanning.

Some popular tools for network scanning include Nmap, Nessus, and OpenVAS.

5. How does scanning contribute to the overall security of a system or network?

Scanning helps identify potential vulnerabilities and weaknesses in a system or network, allowing administrators to take appropriate actions to mitigate them and enhance overall security.

1. Define enumeration and its role in ethical hacking.

Enumeration is the process of gathering information about a target system, such as user accounts, network shares, and system configurations. It plays a crucial role in identifying potential targets for exploitation.

2. Identify three different enumeration techniques used to gather information about target systems.

Some common enumeration techniques include SNMP enumeration, LDAP enumeration, and NetBIOS enumeration.

3. Describe the steps involved in the enumeration process.

The steps in the enumeration process typically include information gathering, scanning for open ports and services, fingerprinting the operating system, identifying user accounts, and searching for shared resources.

4. Name three tools commonly used for enumeration.

Some commonly used enumeration tools are Enum4linux, SNMPWalk, and Nmap.

5. Explain the concept of banner grabbing and its relevance to the enumeration phase.

Banner grabbing involves retrieving information from network services, such as HTTP servers or FTP servers, to identify the underlying technologies and versions. It helps in understanding the target system's configuration and potential vulnerabilities.

1. What is vulnerability scanning, and how does it help identify system weaknesses?

Vulnerability scanning is the process of identifying and assessing vulnerabilities present in a target system or network. It helps in identifying system weaknesses that can be exploited by attackers.

2. Differentiate between active and passive vulnerability scanning.

Active vulnerability scanning involves actively probing the target system or network to identify vulnerabilities. Passive vulnerability scanning, on the other hand, involves monitoring network traffic and analyzing it for potential vulnerabilities.

3. Outline the steps involved in conducting a vulnerability scanning process.

The steps in a vulnerability scanning process typically include identifying the target, selecting a vulnerability scanning tool, configuring the scan, performing the scan, analyzing the results, and remediating identified vulnerabilities.

4. Name three popular vulnerability scanning tools.

Some popular vulnerability scanning tools include Nessus, OpenVAS, and Qualys.

5. Discuss the importance of vulnerability databases in maintaining system security.

Vulnerability databases provide up-to-date information about known vulnerabilities, their severity, and possible mitigations. They are essential for maintaining system security by enabling administrators to stay informed about potential threats and take appropriate actions.

Remember to further enhance the questionnaire based on your specific requirements and the CEH v12 Chapter "Scanning and Enumeration."