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checklist for diabetic foot examination

Ask about history of diabetes

Inquire about previous foot ulcers or infections

Ask about current medications and any changes in sensation or circulation in the feet

Inspect the feet for any signs of redness, swelling, or sores

Palpate for areas of warmth or tenderness

Assess sensation using a monofilament or tuning fork

Touch the feet in specific locations with a monofilament to test for loss of sensation.
Alternatively, strike a tuning fork and place it on the feet to check vibration sensation.

Check pulses in the feet and lower legs

Examine for any deformities such as bunions or hammertoes

Test for proprioception and vibratory sensation

Check for signs of peripheral neuropathy such as loss of protective sensation

Evaluate for signs of autonomic neuropathy such as dry skin or excessive sweating

Assess capillary refill time

Palpate for any signs of arterial insufficiency

Check for signs of venous insufficiency such as varicose veins or edema

Examine the patient's shoes for proper fit and signs of wear

Advise on appropriate footwear for diabetic patients

Encourage the use of orthotic inserts or custom shoes if needed

Discuss the importance of daily foot checks and proper foot care

Provide information on managing blood glucose levels to prevent complications

Schedule regular follow-up appointments for ongoing monitoring and prevention of diabetic foot complications.

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