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API security

1. Authentication

Ensure all APIs require authentication.

Use strong authentication methods (e.g., OAuth 2.0, JWT).

Implement multi-factor authentication for sensitive operations.

2. Authorization

Verify that access controls are in place.

Implement role-based access control (RBAC) to limit user permissions.

Regularly review and update access permissions.

3. Input Validation

Validate all incoming data against a defined schema.

Use whitelisting for input validation instead of blacklisting.

Sanitize inputs to prevent injection attacks (e.g., SQL injection, XSS).

4. Data Encryption

Encrypt data in transit using TLS/SSL.

Encrypt sensitive data at rest.

Use strong encryption algorithms and key management practices.

5. Rate Limiting and Throttling

Implement rate limiting to control the number of requests per user.

Use throttling to mitigate the impact of DDoS attacks.

Monitor API usage patterns to adjust limits as necessary.

6. Logging and Monitoring

Enable logging for all API requests and responses.

Monitor logs for unusual activities and potential security breaches.

Implement alerting mechanisms for suspicious behavior.

7. Security Testing

Conduct regular security assessments and penetration testing.

Use automated tools to identify vulnerabilities in APIs.

Perform code reviews focusing on security best practices.

8. Documentation and Training

Maintain up-to-date API documentation that includes security practices.

Provide training for developers on secure coding practices.

Educate stakeholders on the importance of API security.

9. Incident Response

Develop an incident response plan specific to API breaches.

Regularly test the incident response plan for effectiveness.

Ensure that all team members know their roles during an incident.

10. Compliance and Standards

Ensure compliance with relevant regulations (e.g., GDPR, HIPAA).

Follow industry standards and best practices (e.g., OWASP API Security Top 10).

Regularly review and update compliance requirements.

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