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Linux server auditing

1. Pre-Audit Preparation

Define the scope of the audit

Gather necessary documentation (policies, procedures, network diagrams)

Identify key stakeholders and audit team members

Schedule the audit and notify relevant personnel

2. System Configuration Assessment

Review kernel version and patch levels

Check for unnecessary services running

Verify system resource limits (CPU, memory, disk usage)

Ensure secure boot settings are enabled

3. User Account Management

Review user accounts and privileges

Check for inactive or orphaned accounts

Ensure proper password policies are enforced

Verify SSH access and key management practices

4. Security Configuration Checks

Assess firewall configurations and rules

Review SELinux/AppArmor settings and status

Check for compliance with security benchmarks (CIS, NIST)

Ensure proper file permissions and ownership on sensitive files

5. Logging and Monitoring

Verify logging configuration (syslog, journalctl)

Check for log retention policies and storage

Ensure monitoring solutions are in place (IDS/IPS)

Review audit logs for anomalies or unauthorized access

6. Backup and Recovery Procedures

Assess backup strategies and schedules

Verify the integrity of backup data

Ensure offsite backups are in place

Test recovery procedures for critical systems

7. Software and Package Management

Review installed software and services for vulnerabilities

Ensure automated updates are configured where possible

Check for compliance with software licensing

Review third-party repository usage and trust levels

8. Network Configuration and Security

Assess network interfaces and IP configurations

Review VPN and remote access configurations

Verify secure protocols are used (SSH, HTTPS)

Check for open ports and services using network scanning tools

9. Physical and Environmental Security

Ensure physical access controls are in place (locks, access cards)

Review environmental controls (temperature, humidity monitoring)

Assess server room security measures (cameras, alarms)

Verify disaster recovery plans are documented and tested

10. Post-Audit Reporting

Document findings and recommendations

Create an action plan for remediation

Present audit results to stakeholders

Schedule follow-up audits to ensure compliance and improvements

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