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> Penetration Testing
Penetration Testing
1. Pre-Engagement Activities
Define the scope of the test
Obtain necessary permissions and legal agreements
Identify the target systems and networks
Determine testing objectives (e.g., compliance, vulnerability assessment)
Establish rules of engagement (e.g., testing hours, methods)
2. Information Gathering
Conduct reconnaissance (passive and active)
Identify IP addresses and domain names
Gather information on network architecture
Collect data on technologies in use (e.g., OS, applications)
Use tools for DNS enumeration and WHOIS lookup
3. Threat Modeling
Identify potential threats and attack vectors
Analyze the security posture of the target
Determine the value of assets and data
Prioritize vulnerabilities based on risk assessment
4. Vulnerability Assessment
Use automated scanning tools to identify vulnerabilities
Manually verify identified vulnerabilities
Classify vulnerabilities by severity (e.g., CVSS scores)
Document findings with evidence (screenshots, logs)
5. Exploitation
Attempt to exploit identified vulnerabilities
Use various techniques (e.g., social engineering, SQL injection)
Validate the effectiveness of exploitation
Ensure minimal impact on the target systems
6. Post-Exploitation
Escalate privileges if applicable
Conduct lateral movement within the network
Extract sensitive data as a proof of concept
Assess the overall security controls in place
7. Reporting
Compile a detailed report of findings
Include an executive summary for non-technical stakeholders
Provide remediation recommendations for vulnerabilities
Ensure clarity and conciseness in documentation
8. Remediation and Retesting
Work with stakeholders to address identified vulnerabilities
Provide guidance on best practices for security improvements
Conduct a follow-up test to verify that vulnerabilities have been remediated
Update documentation and security policies as needed
9. Lessons Learned
Conduct a debriefing session with the team
Discuss what worked well and areas for improvement
Update penetration testing methodologies based on findings
Share knowledge and insights with relevant teams for continuous improvement
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