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> Physical assessment nursing
Physical assessment nursing
General Preparation
Gather necessary equipment (stethoscope, thermometer, sphygmomanometer, etc.)
Ensure a clean and quiet environment for assessment
Explain the procedure to the patient and obtain consent
Ensure patient privacy and comfort
Vital Signs Assessment
Measure and record temperature
Measure and record pulse rate and rhythm
Measure and record respiratory rate and pattern
Measure and record blood pressure
Assess oxygen saturation levels
Head and Neck Assessment
Inspect and palpate the scalp, hair, and face
Assess the eyes (pupils, conjunctiva, visual acuity)
Examine the ears (external and internal, hearing ability)
Inspect the nose and sinuses
Examine the mouth and throat (teeth, gums, tonsils)
Palpate lymph nodes in the neck
Chest and Lung Assessment
Inspect the chest for symmetry and deformities
Palpate for tenderness and expansion
Auscultate lung sounds in all lung fields
Assess for any abnormal breath sounds (wheezing, crackles)
Cardiovascular Assessment
Inspect the precordium for pulsations or heaves
Palpate the apical pulse and carotid pulses
Auscultate heart sounds (S1, S2, any murmurs or extra sounds)
Assess peripheral pulses (radial, femoral, popliteal, dorsalis pedis)
Check for capillary refill and edema
Abdominal Assessment
Inspect the abdomen for contour, symmetry, and any masses
Auscultate bowel sounds in all quadrants
Palpate the abdomen for tenderness, organ size, and masses
Assess for any signs of distention or rigidity
Musculoskeletal Assessment
Inspect joints for swelling, redness, or deformities
Assess range of motion in major joints
Palpate muscles and joints for tenderness or crepitus
Evaluate muscle strength against resistance
Neurological Assessment
Assess level of consciousness and orientation
Evaluate pupil reaction to light and accommodation
Test motor function and coordination (finger-to-nose, heel-to-shin)
Assess sensory function (light touch, pain, temperature)
Evaluate reflexes (deep tendon and superficial reflexes)
Skin Assessment
Inspect skin for color, temperature, and moisture
Assess for rashes, lesions, or wounds
Palpate skin for texture, turgor, and temperature
Examine nails for color, shape, and condition
Documentation
Document findings in the patient’s medical record
Communicate any abnormal findings to the healthcare team
Update the care plan as needed based on assessment results
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